The valuation problem is far from academic: In recent years, some huge- scale frauds and near-frauds have been facilitated by derivatives trades. In the energy and electric utility sectors, for example, companies used derivatives and trading activities to report great “earnings” – until the roof fell in when they actually tried to convert the derivatives-related receivables on their balance sheets into cash. “Mark-to-market” then turned out to be truly “mark-to-myth.”
评价难度本身早已超越学术性论证，近几年来，有好几件大规模的舞弊案及疑似舞弊案都是缘自于衍生性金融商品交易，以公用能源事业来说，许多公司利用衍生性金融商品交易来创造帐面钜额的获利，直到东窗事发之际，他们还试图将衍生性金融商品交易相关的应收款项，转换成为现金科目，至此"依市价结算"真正沦为"依鬼话结算"。
I can assure you that the marking errors in the derivatives business have not been symmetrical. Almost invariably, they have favored either the trader who was eyeing a multi-million dollar bonus or the CEO who wanted to report impressive “earnings” (or both). The bonuses were paid, and the CEO profited from his options. Only much later did shareholders learn that the reported earnings were a sham.
